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Yugoslav monitor Vardar
The Yugoslav monitor ''Vardar'' was a ''Sava''-class river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy as SMS ''Bosna'', but was renamed SMS ''Temes'' before she went into service. During World War I she was the flagship of the Danube Flotilla, and fought the Serbian Army, the Romanian Navy and Army, and the French Army. She reverted to the name ''Bosna'' in May 1917, after the original SMS ''Temes'' was raised and returned to service. After World War I, she was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed ''Vardar''.
During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, she was the flagship of the 1st Monitor Division, and along with her fellow monitor , she laid mines in the Danube near the Romanian border during the first few days of the invasion. The two monitors fought off several attacks by the ''Luftwaffe'', but were forced to withdraw to Belgrade. Due to high river levels and low bridges, the monitors' navigation was difficult, and they were scuttled by their crews on 11 April. Some of her crew may have been killed when a demolished bridge collapsed onto a tugboat after they abandoned ship. A number tried to escape cross-country towards the southern Adriatic coast, but most were obliged to surrender to the Germans at Sarajevo on 14 April. The remainder made their way to the Bay of Kotor, where they were captured by the Italian XVII Corps on 17 April.
==Description and construction==
''Vardar'' was a ''Sava''-class river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, and was laid down as ''Bosna'' at Linz in 1914, as part of the Austro-Hungarian 1914–15 Naval Program. She was named after the river Bosna, but was renamed ''Temes'' during construction, after the sinking of the original SMS ''Temes'' by a mine on the Sava River on 23 October 1914. Along with her sister ship , she had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . Her displacement was , and her crew consisted of 91 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered using steam generated by two Yarrow boilers driving two triple-expansion steam engines, and the ship carried of fuel oil. Its engines were rated at and she was designed to reach a top speed of .
Her main armament was a twin gun turret of /L45 guns forward of the conning tower and a twin turret of /L10 howitzers aft of the conning tower. She also mounted twin /L26 anti-aircraft guns, two /L44 guns, and seven machine guns. The maximum range of her Škoda L/45 guns was . Her armour consisted of belt and bulkheads thick, deck armour thick, and her conning tower, gun turrets and cupolas were thick. ''Temes'' was completed on 9 July 1915.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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